What is the term for devices embedded in items to prevent theft?

The term for devices embedded in items to prevent theft is known as Electronic Article Surveillance (ESA). These systems typically involve tags or labels that are attached to retail products. When an item with an ESA tag is passed through a detection system at the store's exit, it triggers an alarm if the tag has not been deactivated or removed. This technology acts as both a deterrent to theft and a means to alert store personnel when a potential theft occurs. ESA is widely utilized in retail settings to reduce inventory loss and protect merchandise, making it a vital component of loss prevention strategies.

The other options describe related concepts but do not specifically refer to the technology involving embedded devices. Anti-theft devices is a broader term that encompasses various forms of security measures but does not pinpoint the electronic aspect. Inventory tracking systems focus on managing stock levels and tracking inventory flow rather than theft prevention. Theft deterrents can encompass a wide range of strategies and tools to discourage theft but do not specifically identify the electronic nature of ESA. Thus, ESA is the precise terminology that best matches the description of these embedded devices used explicitly for theft prevention.